注释: [1]我国《律师法》第54条规定,律师违法执业或者因过错给当事人造成损失的,由其所在的律师事务所承担赔偿责任。律师事务所赔偿后,可以向有故意或者重大过失行为的律师追偿。 [2]参见邱伟:《3名律师被判赔偿800万》,《中国保险报》2004年12月23日。 [3]参见徐卉:《大陆民事诉讼制度的过去、现在与未来》,载汤德宗、王鹏翔主编:《两岸四地法律发展》(下册),中央研究院法律研究所筹备处,第214页。 [4]参见樊崇义、胡常龙:《走向理性化的国家赔偿制度—以刑事司法赔偿为视角》,《政法论坛》2002年第4期;王新环:《轻罪重判也应给予国家赔偿》,《检察日报》2008年4月11日第3版。 [5]参见张田勘:《错案赔偿在美国》,《民主与法制》2007年第8期。 [6]参见姜世明:《律师民事责任论》,元照出版公司2004年版,第16-18页;Folland v. Reardon[2005] 249 DLR (4th)167; Folland v. Reardon[2005]249 DLR (4th) 167;Ferri v. Ackerman, 444 U. S. 193(1979);Chamberlains v. Lai[2007] 2 NZLR 7; Low Fart Kin, Kelvin, The Advocate’ s Immunity in Singapore : the End of a Fairytale, 19 SingaporeLaw Review(1998),p. 278; Scott Lang, Deconstructing D’ orta-Ekenaike: A Critique of Justifications Provided for Advo-cates’ Immunity by the High Court, 4 Queensland Law Student Review (2011),p.63 [7]D’orta-Ekenaike v. Victoria Legal Aid[2005]HCA 12. [8]Wright v. Farrell [2006] CSIH 7. [9]Arthur J. S. Hall [2000] 3 All ER 673. [10]Ronald E. Mallen, The Court-appointed Lawyer and Legal Malpractice— Liability or Immunity, 14 The American CriminalLaw Review(1976),p. 60. [11]Rondel v. Worsley[1969],Lord Pearce. [12]George Hampel and Jonathan Clough, Abolishing the Advocate’s Immunity from Suit: Reconsidering Giannarelli v Wraith,24 Melbourne University Law Review (2000),p. 1022. [13]Bailey v. Tucker, 621 A. 2d 108,114(1993). [14]Ned J. Nakles, Criminal Defense Lawyer: The Caw for Absolute Immunity from Civil Liability, 81 Dick Law Review(1977),p.231. [15][2000] 3 All ER 673 at745-746,Lord Hobhouse of Woodborough. [16]George Hampel and Jonathan Clough, Abolishing the Adcocate’ s Immunity from Suit: Reconsidering Giannarelli v Wraith,p.1023. [17][2000]3 All ER 673 at 746, Lord Hobhouse of Woodborough. [18]Ned J. Nakles, Criminal Defense Lawyer: The Caw for Absolute Immunity from Civil Liability, p.235. [19]同上注。 [20]Ronald E. Mallen, Legal Malpractice and the Criminal Defense Lawyer, 9 Criminal Justice(1994),p.53. [21]Ronald E. Mallen, The Court-appointed Lawyer and Legal Malpractice—Liability or Immunity, p.68. [22]Melissa Newman, The Case Against Advocates’Immunity: A Comparative Study, 9 Georgetown Journal of Legal Ethics(1995).p. 277. [23]Meredith J. Duncan, Criminal Malpractice: A Lawyer’s Holiday, 37 Georgia Law Review (2003),p. 1290. [24]Margaret Z. Johns, Reconsidering Absolute Prosecutorial Immunity, 2005 Brigham Young University Law Review ( 2005),pp.118-120. [25]Notes, Liability of Court-appointed Defense Counsel for Malpractice in Federal Criminal Prosecutions, 57 Iowa Law Review(1972),p. 1423 [26][2000] 3 All ER 673 at 681,Lord Steyn. [27]Notes, Liability of Court-appointed Defense Counsel for Malpractice in Federal Criminal Prosecutions, p. 1424. [28]444 U. S. 193,203(1979). [29]Bailey v. Tucker, 621 A. 2d 108,114(1993),concurring by Zappala. [30][2000]3 All ER 673 at 684,Lord Steyn [31]George Hampel and Jonathan Clough, Abolishing the Adcocate’ s Immunity from Suit: Reconsidering Giannarelli v Wraith,p. 1020. [32]参见陈宜:《大陆地区律师赔偿责任立法与实践》,第28页。 [33]Susan W. Schneider, Malpractice Actions Against Court-appointed Counsel: Liability or Immunity, 52 Temple Law Quarterly(1979).pp. 926-927. [34]Harold H. Chen, Malpractice Immunity: an Illegitimate and Ineffective Response to the Indigent-defense Crisis, 45 DukeLaw Review(1996),pp. 801-802. [35]444 U. S. 193,200(1979). [36]444 U. S. 193,200(1979) [37]Harold H. Chen, Malpractice Immunity: an Illegitimate and Ineffective Response to the Indigent-defense Crisis, p. 808. [38]David H. Potel, Criminal Malpractice:Threshold Barriers to Recovery Against Negligent Criminal Counsel, 1981 Duke LawJournal(1981),pp. 543-545. [39]Kevin Bennardo, A Defense Bar: The“Proof of Innocence” Requirement in Criminal Malpractice Claims, 5 Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law (2007),p.345. [40]同上注。 [41]Kevin Bennardo, A Defense Bar: The“Proof of Innocence” Requirement in Criminal Malpractice Claims, 5 Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law (2007).p.365. [42]Kevin Bennardo, A Defense Bar: The “Proof of Innocence” Requirement in Criminal Malpractice Claims, p.346. [43]Susan M. Treyz, Criminal Malpractice: Privilege of the Innocent Plaintiff, 59 Fordham Law Review(1991),p.724 [44]David H. Potel, Criminal Malpractice: Threshold Barriers to Recovery Against Negligent Criminal Counsel, p.551. [45]Susan M. Treyz, Criminal Malpractice: Privilege of the Innocent Plaintiff, p.727. [46]Kevin Bennardo, A Defense Bar: The “Proof of Innocence” Requirement in Criminal Malpractice Claims, p.359. [47]Meredith J. Duncan, Criminal Malpractice: A Lawyer’s Holiday, p. 1268. [48]同上注,第1284页。 [49]Wiley v. County of San Diego, 966 P. 2d 983,986(1998). [50]同上注。 [51]同上注。 [52]Susan M. Treyz, Criminal Malpractice: Privilege of the Innocent Plaintiff, p. 729. [53]Kevin Bennardo, A Defense Bar: The “Proof of Innocence” Requirement in Criminal Malpractice Claims, p.360. [54]Kevin Bennardo, A Defense Bar: The “Proof of Innocence” Requirement in Criminal Malpractice Claims, p. 362. [55]Meredith J. Duncan, Criminal Malpractice: A Lawyer’s Holiday, p. 1269. [56]Susan M. Treyz, Criminal Malpractice: Privilege of the Innocent Plaintiff, p.732. [57]Meredith J. Duncan, Criminal Malpractice: A Lawyer’s Holiday, p. 1296. [58]Meredith J. Duncan, Criminal Malpractice: A Lawyer’s Holiday, p. 1286. [59]Wiley v. County of San Diego, 966 P. 2d 983,987(1998). [60]Rowell v. Holt, 850 So. 2d 478 (2003). [61]Holliday v. Jones, 215 Cal. App. 3d 102(1989). [62]Dombrowski v. Bulson, 2012 NY Slip Op.04203 (2012). [63]Lawson v. Nugent, 702 F.Supp.91(1988). [64]需要说明的是,在美国,已有判例承认民事失职代理中精神损害赔偿的正当性。See Betts v. Allstate Insurance Com-pany, 154 Cal. App. 3d 688(1984). [65]Rowell v. Holt, 850 So. 2d 478 (2003). [66]Helmut Koziol, Punitive Damages: Admission into the Seventh Legal Heaven or Eternal Damnation?,25 Tort and InsuranceLaw (2009),p.284. [67]Alabama Code.§09.17.020(c). [68]Ferguson v. Lieff, Cabraser, Heimann&Bernstein. LLP. 30 Cal. 4th 1037 (2003). [69]Tri-G, Inc. v. Burke, Bosselman&Weaver, 222 Ⅲ. 2d 218,225-26 (2006). [70]See Alaska Stat.§09.17.020(c) ; Mississippi Code of 1972, Section 11-1-65. [71]David B. Wilkins, Who Should Regulate Lawyers?,105 Harvard Law Review(1992),p. 807. [72]Meredith J. Duncan, Criminal Malpractice: A Lawyer’s Holiday, p.48.
注释:
[1]我国《律师法》第54条规定,律师违法执业或者因过错给当事人造成损失的,由其所在的律师事务所承担赔偿责任。律师事务所赔偿后,可以向有故意或者重大过失行为的律师追偿。
[2]参见邱伟:《3名律师被判赔偿800万》,《中国保险报》2004年12月23日。
[3]参见徐卉:《大陆民事诉讼制度的过去、现在与未来》,载汤德宗、王鹏翔主编:《两岸四地法律发展》(下册),中央研究院法律研究所筹备处,第214页。
[4]参见樊崇义、胡常龙:《走向理性化的国家赔偿制度—以刑事司法赔偿为视角》,《政法论坛》2002年第4期;王新环:《轻罪重判也应给予国家赔偿》,《检察日报》2008年4月11日第3版。
[5]参见张田勘:《错案赔偿在美国》,《民主与法制》2007年第8期。
[6]参见姜世明:《律师民事责任论》,元照出版公司2004年版,第16-18页;Folland v. Reardon[2005] 249 DLR (4th)167; Folland v. Reardon[2005]249 DLR (4th) 167;Ferri v. Ackerman, 444 U. S. 193(1979);Chamberlains v. Lai[2007] 2 NZLR 7; Low Fart Kin, Kelvin, The Advocate’ s Immunity in Singapore : the End of a Fairytale, 19 SingaporeLaw Review(1998),p. 278; Scott Lang, Deconstructing D’ orta-Ekenaike: A Critique of Justifications Provided for Advo-cates’ Immunity by the High Court, 4 Queensland Law Student Review (2011),p.63
[7]D’orta-Ekenaike v. Victoria Legal Aid[2005]HCA 12.
[8]Wright v. Farrell [2006] CSIH 7.
[9]Arthur J. S. Hall [2000] 3 All ER 673.
[10]Ronald E. Mallen, The Court-appointed Lawyer and Legal Malpractice— Liability or Immunity, 14 The American CriminalLaw Review(1976),p. 60.
[11]Rondel v. Worsley[1969],Lord Pearce.
[12]George Hampel and Jonathan Clough, Abolishing the Advocate’s Immunity from Suit: Reconsidering Giannarelli v Wraith,24 Melbourne University Law Review (2000),p. 1022.
[13]Bailey v. Tucker, 621 A. 2d 108,114(1993).
[14]Ned J. Nakles, Criminal Defense Lawyer: The Caw for Absolute Immunity from Civil Liability, 81 Dick Law Review(1977),p.231.
[15][2000] 3 All ER 673 at745-746,Lord Hobhouse of Woodborough.
[16]George Hampel and Jonathan Clough, Abolishing the Adcocate’ s Immunity from Suit: Reconsidering Giannarelli v Wraith,p.1023.
[17][2000]3 All ER 673 at 746, Lord Hobhouse of Woodborough.
[18]Ned J. Nakles, Criminal Defense Lawyer: The Caw for Absolute Immunity from Civil Liability, p.235.
[19]同上注。
[20]Ronald E. Mallen, Legal Malpractice and the Criminal Defense Lawyer, 9 Criminal Justice(1994),p.53.
[21]Ronald E. Mallen, The Court-appointed Lawyer and Legal Malpractice—Liability or Immunity, p.68.
[22]Melissa Newman, The Case Against Advocates’Immunity: A Comparative Study, 9 Georgetown Journal of Legal Ethics(1995).p. 277.
[23]Meredith J. Duncan, Criminal Malpractice: A Lawyer’s Holiday, 37 Georgia Law Review (2003),p. 1290.
[24]Margaret Z. Johns, Reconsidering Absolute Prosecutorial Immunity, 2005 Brigham Young University Law Review ( 2005),pp.118-120.
[25]Notes, Liability of Court-appointed Defense Counsel for Malpractice in Federal Criminal Prosecutions, 57 Iowa Law Review(1972),p. 1423
[26][2000] 3 All ER 673 at 681,Lord Steyn.
[27]Notes, Liability of Court-appointed Defense Counsel for Malpractice in Federal Criminal Prosecutions, p. 1424.
[28]444 U. S. 193,203(1979).
[29]Bailey v. Tucker, 621 A. 2d 108,114(1993),concurring by Zappala.
[30][2000]3 All ER 673 at 684,Lord Steyn
[31]George Hampel and Jonathan Clough, Abolishing the Adcocate’ s Immunity from Suit: Reconsidering Giannarelli v Wraith,p. 1020.
[32]参见陈宜:《大陆地区律师赔偿责任立法与实践》,第28页。
[33]Susan W. Schneider, Malpractice Actions Against Court-appointed Counsel: Liability or Immunity, 52 Temple Law Quarterly(1979).pp. 926-927.
[34]Harold H. Chen, Malpractice Immunity: an Illegitimate and Ineffective Response to the Indigent-defense Crisis, 45 DukeLaw Review(1996),pp. 801-802.
[35]444 U. S. 193,200(1979).
[36]444 U. S. 193,200(1979)
[37]Harold H. Chen, Malpractice Immunity: an Illegitimate and Ineffective Response to the Indigent-defense Crisis, p. 808.
[38]David H. Potel, Criminal Malpractice:Threshold Barriers to Recovery Against Negligent Criminal Counsel, 1981 Duke LawJournal(1981),pp. 543-545.
[39]Kevin Bennardo, A Defense Bar: The“Proof of Innocence” Requirement in Criminal Malpractice Claims, 5 Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law (2007),p.345.
[40]同上注。
[41]Kevin Bennardo, A Defense Bar: The“Proof of Innocence” Requirement in Criminal Malpractice Claims, 5 Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law (2007).p.365.
[42]Kevin Bennardo, A Defense Bar: The “Proof of Innocence” Requirement in Criminal Malpractice Claims, p.346.
[43]Susan M. Treyz, Criminal Malpractice: Privilege of the Innocent Plaintiff, 59 Fordham Law Review(1991),p.724
[44]David H. Potel, Criminal Malpractice: Threshold Barriers to Recovery Against Negligent Criminal Counsel, p.551.
[45]Susan M. Treyz, Criminal Malpractice: Privilege of the Innocent Plaintiff, p.727.
[46]Kevin Bennardo, A Defense Bar: The “Proof of Innocence” Requirement in Criminal Malpractice Claims, p.359.
[47]Meredith J. Duncan, Criminal Malpractice: A Lawyer’s Holiday, p. 1268.
[48]同上注,第1284页。
[49]Wiley v. County of San Diego, 966 P. 2d 983,986(1998).
[50]同上注。
[51]同上注。
[52]Susan M. Treyz, Criminal Malpractice: Privilege of the Innocent Plaintiff, p. 729.
[53]Kevin Bennardo, A Defense Bar: The “Proof of Innocence” Requirement in Criminal Malpractice Claims, p.360.
[54]Kevin Bennardo, A Defense Bar: The “Proof of Innocence” Requirement in Criminal Malpractice Claims, p. 362.
[55]Meredith J. Duncan, Criminal Malpractice: A Lawyer’s Holiday, p. 1269.
[56]Susan M. Treyz, Criminal Malpractice: Privilege of the Innocent Plaintiff, p.732.
[57]Meredith J. Duncan, Criminal Malpractice: A Lawyer’s Holiday, p. 1296.
[58]Meredith J. Duncan, Criminal Malpractice: A Lawyer’s Holiday, p. 1286.
[59]Wiley v. County of San Diego, 966 P. 2d 983,987(1998).
[60]Rowell v. Holt, 850 So. 2d 478 (2003).
[61]Holliday v. Jones, 215 Cal. App. 3d 102(1989).
[62]Dombrowski v. Bulson, 2012 NY Slip Op.04203 (2012).
[63]Lawson v. Nugent, 702 F.Supp.91(1988).
[64]需要说明的是,在美国,已有判例承认民事失职代理中精神损害赔偿的正当性。See Betts v. Allstate Insurance Com-pany, 154 Cal. App. 3d 688(1984).
[65]Rowell v. Holt, 850 So. 2d 478 (2003).
[66]Helmut Koziol, Punitive Damages: Admission into the Seventh Legal Heaven or Eternal Damnation?,25 Tort and InsuranceLaw (2009),p.284.
[67]Alabama Code.§09.17.020(c).
[68]Ferguson v. Lieff, Cabraser, Heimann&Bernstein. LLP. 30 Cal. 4th 1037 (2003).
[69]Tri-G, Inc. v. Burke, Bosselman&Weaver, 222 Ⅲ. 2d 218,225-26 (2006).
[70]See Alaska Stat.§09.17.020(c) ; Mississippi Code of 1972, Section 11-1-65.
[71]David B. Wilkins, Who Should Regulate Lawyers?,105 Harvard Law Review(1992),p. 807.
[72]Meredith J. Duncan, Criminal Malpractice: A Lawyer’s Holiday, p.48.