【注释】 [1]参见联合国安理会第1970(2011)号决议,S/RES/1970 (2011),第2页, Decides to Refer the Situation in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriyasince 15 February 2011 to the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court. [2]笔者曾于2007年1月10日至11日应利比亚社会科学院(Academy of Graduate Study)的邀请参加了在利比亚首都的黎波里召开的“国际刑事法院罗马规约国际研讨会”。利比亚人民代表大会外事秘书、利比亚社科院院长和来自英国、法国、美国等几十个国家的代表、国际刑事法院等国际组织的代表以及各国驻利比亚外交使团出席了会议,在会议期间,笔者了解到利比亚当时政府对国际刑事法院的反对态度。 [3]参见联合国安理会第1593(2005)号决议,S/RES/1593 (2005),第1页,Decides to Refer the Situation in Darfur since 1 July 2002 to the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court. [4]在此情况下,非缔约国义务的承担是出于对《联合国宪章》的遵循,而非《罗马规约》的强加。 [5]前引[1],第1页,Considering that the widespread and systematic attacks currently taking place in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya against the civil-ian population may amount to crimes against humanity. [6]前引[1],Stressing the need to hold to account those responsible for attacks, including by forces under their control, on civilians. [7]根据安理会第1970(2011)号决议,国际刑事法院检察官在该决议通过后两个月内并在其后每6个月向安理会报告根据本决议采取的行动,这是第一份报告,本段内容是对该份报告就检察官开展调查合理性分析的归纳与总结。 [8]《利比亚反告北约犯下战争罪不承认国际刑事法院》,载环球网:http://world. huanqiu. com/roll/2011-06/1786280. html ,发布时间:2011年6月28日。 [9]见第一份检察官报告FIRST REPORT OF THE PROSECUTOR OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT TO THE UN SECURITY COUNSIL PURSUANT TO UNSCR 1970(2011),第8页,In a 14 April 2011 letter, the Interim National Council answered to the Office of the Prosecutor that“ We are fully committed to supporting the fast implementation of such arrest warrants and expect the international community to cooperate fully as is required by the Rome Statute of the ICC and in accordance with Security Council Resolution 1970 adopted under Chapter VII of the UN Charter.” [10]《检察官奥坎波:利比亚当局在执行逮捕令方面负有主要责任》,载联合国网站:http : //www. un. org/zh/focus/northafrica/newsdetails.asp? newslD = 15834&criteria = libya,发布时间:2011年6月28日。 [11]根据《联合国和国际刑事法院间关系协定》第6条和联合国大会第65/12号决议第17段,法院可以在其认为适当的情况下,通过秘书长向联合国提交有关报告。 [12]参见《国际刑事法院提交给联合国的2010/11年度报告》,第11页。 [13]《国际刑警组织就逮捕卡扎菲等人发出红色通告》,载联合国网站http://www. un. org/zh/focus/northafrica/newsdetails. asp newslD =16224&criteria = libya,发布时间:2011年9月8日。 [14]《罗马规约》第75条第二款、第四款。 [15]检察官于2011年11月2日就利比亚情势问题向安理会提交的第二份报告,STATEMENT TO THE UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL ON THE SITUATION IN LIBYA, PURSUANT TO UNSCR 1970 (2011),第4页。“The Office will also continue to search out the personal assets of Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi and Abdallah Al-Senussi for the potential benefit of the victims, through reparations awarded by the Court. Since the opening of the situation, the Office has been in contact with the UN Sanctions Committee, which is assisted by a Panel of Experts and with Interpol to coordinate its investigative efforts in relation to the assets of the suspects. The Court has sent at the end of Sep-tember requests for assistance to Libya, State Parties, and five UN Security Council non-State Parties to identify, trace, seize and freeze all the personal assets belonging to the suspects. The Office strongly encourages the Security Council and States to assist the Court in identifying and isolating these assets.” [16]前引[15],第5页。“The Office was informed that the new Libyan authorities are in the process of preparing a comprehensive strategy to address crimes, including the circumstances surrounding the death of Muammar Gaddafi.” [17]参见联合国安理会第1973(2011)号决议,S/RES/1973 (2011)。“Authorizes Member States that have notified the Secretary-General,acting nationally or through regional organizations or arrangements, and acting in cooperation with the Secretary-General, to take all necessa-ry measures, notwithstanding paragraph 9 of resolution 1970 (2011),to protect civilians and civilian populated areas under threat of attack in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya.” [18]“检察官办公室与指称卡扎菲安全部队实施子性暴力的多名受害者进行了接触。检察官办公室收集到的一些证据显示,卡扎菲的指挥官在该国西部山区下令实施了强奸。检察官办公室还在审查指称卡扎菲及其他高级官员讨论用强奸迫害反叛人员或异己分子的证人的可信度”。(资料来源:联合国网站:http://www. un. org/zh/focus/northafrica/newsdetails. asp? newslD = 16577&criteria =libya,发布时间:2011年11月2日。)这些指控的罪名均发生在2011年2月26日之后,可以推断国际刑事法院已经把行使管辖权的时间扩展到了整个战争阶段。 [19]截至2011年10月28日本文定稿时的统计数据。参见国际刑事法院有关《罗马规约》成员国情况的网页。
【注释】
[1]参见联合国安理会第1970(2011)号决议,S/RES/1970 (2011),第2页, Decides to Refer the Situation in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriyasince 15 February 2011 to the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court.
[2]笔者曾于2007年1月10日至11日应利比亚社会科学院(Academy of Graduate Study)的邀请参加了在利比亚首都的黎波里召开的“国际刑事法院罗马规约国际研讨会”。利比亚人民代表大会外事秘书、利比亚社科院院长和来自英国、法国、美国等几十个国家的代表、国际刑事法院等国际组织的代表以及各国驻利比亚外交使团出席了会议,在会议期间,笔者了解到利比亚当时政府对国际刑事法院的反对态度。
[3]参见联合国安理会第1593(2005)号决议,S/RES/1593 (2005),第1页,Decides to Refer the Situation in Darfur since 1 July 2002 to the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court.
[4]在此情况下,非缔约国义务的承担是出于对《联合国宪章》的遵循,而非《罗马规约》的强加。
[5]前引[1],第1页,Considering that the widespread and systematic attacks currently taking place in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya against the civil-ian population may amount to crimes against humanity.
[6]前引[1],Stressing the need to hold to account those responsible for attacks, including by forces under their control, on civilians.
[7]根据安理会第1970(2011)号决议,国际刑事法院检察官在该决议通过后两个月内并在其后每6个月向安理会报告根据本决议采取的行动,这是第一份报告,本段内容是对该份报告就检察官开展调查合理性分析的归纳与总结。
[8]《利比亚反告北约犯下战争罪不承认国际刑事法院》,载环球网:http://world. huanqiu. com/roll/2011-06/1786280. html ,发布时间:2011年6月28日。
[9]见第一份检察官报告FIRST REPORT OF THE PROSECUTOR OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT TO THE UN SECURITY COUNSIL PURSUANT TO UNSCR 1970(2011),第8页,In a 14 April 2011 letter, the Interim National Council answered to the Office of the Prosecutor that“ We are fully committed to supporting the fast implementation of such arrest warrants and expect the international community to cooperate fully as is required by the Rome Statute of the ICC and in accordance with Security Council Resolution 1970 adopted under Chapter VII of the UN Charter.”
[10]《检察官奥坎波:利比亚当局在执行逮捕令方面负有主要责任》,载联合国网站:http : //www. un. org/zh/focus/northafrica/newsdetails.asp? newslD = 15834&criteria = libya,发布时间:2011年6月28日。
[11]根据《联合国和国际刑事法院间关系协定》第6条和联合国大会第65/12号决议第17段,法院可以在其认为适当的情况下,通过秘书长向联合国提交有关报告。
[12]参见《国际刑事法院提交给联合国的2010/11年度报告》,第11页。
[13]《国际刑警组织就逮捕卡扎菲等人发出红色通告》,载联合国网站http://www. un. org/zh/focus/northafrica/newsdetails. asp newslD =16224&criteria = libya,发布时间:2011年9月8日。
[14]《罗马规约》第75条第二款、第四款。
[15]检察官于2011年11月2日就利比亚情势问题向安理会提交的第二份报告,STATEMENT TO THE UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL ON THE SITUATION IN LIBYA, PURSUANT TO UNSCR 1970 (2011),第4页。“The Office will also continue to search out the personal assets of Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi and Abdallah Al-Senussi for the potential benefit of the victims, through reparations awarded by the Court. Since the opening of the situation, the Office has been in contact with the UN Sanctions Committee, which is assisted by a Panel of Experts and with Interpol to coordinate its investigative efforts in relation to the assets of the suspects. The Court has sent at the end of Sep-tember requests for assistance to Libya, State Parties, and five UN Security Council non-State Parties to identify, trace, seize and freeze all the personal assets belonging to the suspects. The Office strongly encourages the Security Council and States to assist the Court in identifying and isolating these assets.”
[16]前引[15],第5页。“The Office was informed that the new Libyan authorities are in the process of preparing a comprehensive strategy to address crimes, including the circumstances surrounding the death of Muammar Gaddafi.”
[17]参见联合国安理会第1973(2011)号决议,S/RES/1973 (2011)。“Authorizes Member States that have notified the Secretary-General,acting nationally or through regional organizations or arrangements, and acting in cooperation with the Secretary-General, to take all necessa-ry measures, notwithstanding paragraph 9 of resolution 1970 (2011),to protect civilians and civilian populated areas under threat of attack in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya.”
[18]“检察官办公室与指称卡扎菲安全部队实施子性暴力的多名受害者进行了接触。检察官办公室收集到的一些证据显示,卡扎菲的指挥官在该国西部山区下令实施了强奸。检察官办公室还在审查指称卡扎菲及其他高级官员讨论用强奸迫害反叛人员或异己分子的证人的可信度”。(资料来源:联合国网站:http://www. un. org/zh/focus/northafrica/newsdetails. asp? newslD = 16577&criteria =libya,发布时间:2011年11月2日。)这些指控的罪名均发生在2011年2月26日之后,可以推断国际刑事法院已经把行使管辖权的时间扩展到了整个战争阶段。
[19]截至2011年10月28日本文定稿时的统计数据。参见国际刑事法院有关《罗马规约》成员国情况的网页。